The human soul, according to Plato, is in a state of ignorance but it strives to overcome this ignorance and become beautiful. Whats crazy about it (actually, one of a few things), is that there is a different constant for each program, so there is an infinite number of values for this constant which is usually shown as a Greek omega (). OT2: Knowledge and Technology. For modern thinking, the manner in which beings are is as objects. Sometimes we understand experience as the experience, sensation or buzz to be derived from, say, a drug or a rally (Jimi Hendrix Are You Experienced?). The emergence of the world-picture and the knowledge and culture derived from it involves an essential decision about beings as a whole. A reason is this sort of reason only if it is aratio,that is an account given about something that is in front of the person as a judging I and is given to this I. This need for the surety of what some thing is gives rise to our preference for mathematical calculus as that which represents knowledge in modernity. The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: To stamp becoming with the character of being that is the supreme will to power (WP 617). If it does, then it shouldnt be in the set, but if it doesnt, then it should. Such a definition is correct to a point. Presumed familiarity with something is the proper origin of deception and error. Cat in a box by chispita_666, CC BY 2.0. Here in Bali, the gods choose to show themselves more favourably so that a Balinese person would have no trouble concurring with the ancient Greek Heraclitus that everything is full of gods. Unknowable Thing: Where is that particle, and how fast is it going? This brain-hurting theorem was developed by Kurt Gdel. It is this that we call understanding. Experience, like all basic words, changes its meaning over history. Now they are contrasted with mere observation and description, guided by no mathematical anticipation. He thought up the concept of a general purpose computing machine (now called a Turing Machine) as a thought experiment he didnt envision someone actually building one. Historicism denies this truth and it asserts that there is no truth outside of the historical contexts from which it has been produced. According to his theory, which is now agreed to be a part of modern physics, the cat is in a superposition of being dead and alive at the same time. He was the son of Jewish parents born in pre-war Poland, and he was very lucky. If we invent a hypothetical entity, define it as supernatural and claim that it is impossible to prove its existence by mere humans, it can become something unknowable. Here, the IA prompt presents the opportunity to choose an object that is unknown to a student. What is a sufficient reason? Arts purpose is to change the manner in which we see or view the world. Things can be unknowable by definition. Diaeresis is the separation that allows something to be set in relief, juxtaposed and thus brought forward, a setting off and distinguishing of something from something else. Well, there are a lot more than there are whole numbers between each whole number, there are an infinite number of real numbers; so the number of real numbers is a much bigger infinity than the number of whole numbers. William Blakes The Tyger and the framing of the fearful symmetry that is the tyger). What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world? The Greeks had a saying: The future comes to meet us from behind and it is this future that is encapsulated in the historical development of the knowledge that preceded it. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. Perhaps in your study of Shakespeare you have come across the Elizabethan world-picture or order of being, but this is not how the Elizabethans viewed themselves; this understanding is a later German understanding. An old story which Plato speaks about in his Theaetetus is that Thales, while occupied in studying the heavens above and looking up, fell into a well. It is assessed internally, that is by your own teachers, but moderated externally by IB examiners. It is difficult to take as sane someone who does not. The virtue of some thing was its usefulness or goodness, and it had to do with its potentialities or possibilities. What Is Unknowable? You have to chooseone of the following prompts and your choice of prompt will determine the methodology or the pathway as well as the design or plan that you will follow to arrive at your interpretation of the images or objects you have chosen. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? That we do not know in the traditional sense does not matter: what matters is the reliability of the results. This gathering and laying is a reciprocal relationship, a two-fold back and forth relationship involving both you as knower and the things that you know, the images or objects you have chosen. This word has only recently come to prominence (19th century) and yet even the Pope himself uses this word when speaking of how Roman Catholics should be in the world. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. One is laid beside the other so that the one is orientated and conforms to the other by means of a relationship that you will establish. There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. However, in 1901, Gdel blew that out of the water with his incompleteness theorem I wont go through the theorem in detail here, partly because I dont understand the full detail, but mainly because it took me three separate lectures before I even felt I was getting there, so if youre interested: Wikipedia is your friend! The demands of the principle of rendering sufficient reasons creates the lack of clarity and confusion in our actions, our ethics. That split is still to be resolved. The difficult thing here is that there's nothing we can observe, in our Universe, that allows us to tell these three possibilities apart. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. 25. When we speak of bias we usually mean that it is the particular leaning one may have in order to bring about a pre-determined outcome, the production or bringing forth of which is determined to be a good end. 1 a) Choose the IA prompts from the list of prescribed IA prompts (see below). Doubt was a requisite for thought for it inspired wonder. This revealing or bringing out from concealment of what has been buried is the correctness of our representations or what we have come to call the correspondence theory of truth. In the global society of the future, these experts will be those who are able to put the discoveries of science to use i.e. Grahams number is big enough to make most peoples brains start to steam; its really big; to put it into context, lets look at some, so-called, big numbers: Most people have heard of a googol for most purposes its a big number 10^100 which is 1 followed by 100 zeroes. and so on. Human being is not aware of itself by focusing on its experiences, but in what it does, uses, expects, avoids, in things it is concerned about in the world around it. Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. Are some types of knowledge more useful than others? Each historical age has its own particular concept of greatness; and our concept of greatness is purely quantitative, the gigantic not only gigantic monuments, but the traversal of vast distances at immense velocities, etc. what counts as good evidence. Many scientists are not fond of the idea that there are things in the universe beyond their grasp. It was later published as a strategy for blackjack in the famous book Beat the Dealer, written by Ed Torph, who was a mathematician at MIT. The unknowability of the black swan comes from our epistemic limitations, philosophical and empirical. Adequate is a synonym for sufficient, so evidence is considered adequate when sufficient reasons are provided for the judgements that are made; and when these are provided, they are considered good evidence. Alan Turing was an English mathematician and a child prodigy, particularly in mathematics. Correctness as free from contradiction and being consistent is called formal truth, not related to the content of beings in distinction from the material truth of content. Now as a thought experiment consider how many eleven word sentences there are obviously there are a lot; but theres only a finite number of words (around 750,000 in English) so theres only a finite number of eleven word sentences at some point, youd run out and there would be an integer you couldnt define. CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? This system is called the technological in other areas of this writing. It also means to put something in its place, or putting something in order for something else such as gathering together the things that are required of a recipe so that we may later prepare it, the step-by-step process involved in preparing to bring about a desirable end. Ethical obligations were called rendering what was due to some thing or another. What is a world-view and how does it differ from a world-picture which can be associated with mindsets, systems, subjectivity and, thus, with the various understandings of what a culture is? Anyways here are my objects and a general outline as to where I plan on going with them: Prompt: Are some things unknowable? Faith is the only way to make the existence of a god knowable, but as there are no clear arguments to make one believe, there will always be people claiming they do not believe and therefore do not know. The first scientific attempt to create an optimal strategy for blackjack was revealed in the paper for the Journal of the American Statistical Association. When we ask what counts as knowledge, the language of the question should surprise us. im looking for tok exhibition objects for the question "are some things unknowable?". Our word monster finds its root inmonere or warning. To what areas of knowledge do the images/objects you have chosen belong? He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. It was done and we live with the reality of their presence. Our science as the theory of the real is just such a belief. What is the truth that we are lacking in what we hold up as knowledge? Modern science is applied technology, not technology as applied science. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Unspecified object, no matter what. When I was at school, we were taught that an atom was like a mini solar system with a sun-like nucleus in the middle with electrons orbiting, and the electrons were like tiny marbles. This object has been included in the exhibition because it shows that some things can happen without anyone in presence, know what actually happened. But this metaphor extends to events outside the financial market. We tried to explain basic phenomena concerning our lives, such as weather, or nature using myths and legends, which indicate that this knowledge is beyond our grasp. Judgements and statements are correct, that means true, only if the reason for the connection of subject and predicate is rendered, given back to the representing I. Speed of Light Information can't be transmitted faster than the speed of light. relates some thing to some other thing. This revealing of hidden things is like the cherry tree that is currently bursting into bloom, revealing what has been concealed regarding its essence up to this time. It is very important that your exhibition is based on one of the prescribed prompts. World War II started in 1939 but Turing had been working on code-breaking at Bletchley Park for a year before that; trying to decipher the German Enigma code. Reasons must be given for the claims being made. According to Kant, our cognition renders sufficient reasons for the being of objects when it brings forward and securely establishes the objectness of objects and thereby brings itself to objectness, that is, to the being of experienceable beings. Object 1: The man shown is Pablo Escobar, a wealthy Colombian drug lord, and narcoterrorist. Is Galileos view an improvement on Aristotles view of nature is, of course, another question entirely and one which you may explore in your Exhibition. You are required to choose one prompt from the list below, and it must be exactly from this list and you cannot change the wording. However, as during nearly the whole of our history, there have been fruitless attempts to prove and disprove the existence of such a god, Blaise Pascal argues that regardless if God exists, it is worth believing. It was the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language (and, thus, our English language) and their conception of a thing as a subject (subjectum) with accidents (qualities, what we experience of the thing through sensory perception). What makes the being of objects possible is Reason itself. The German philosopher Kant grounded this viewing in his Critique of Pure Reason. The question if there are unknowable things with our current technology is easy to answer yes, there are, but as it is impossible to predict the future, it is impossible to say whether these things will remain such. Opinion regards those things that can be otherwise and that is why it can be true or false. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. This merging and movement towards fascism, where the political leaders interests are considered as the public interests, is a worrying trend not only in America but in all parts of the world today. When we speak of the production of knowledge, we are tacitly recognizing technology as a way of knowing as a way of revealing the things that are hidden. These two types of knowledge have separate and overlapping areas in a rhetorical Venn diagram. It was clear that a manual approach was too slow and Turing specified the first decoding machine (called a Bombe), this led to Colossus arguably the first programmable, digital computer that could automatically run through many possible keys. His work was so important to decryption that much remained secret long after the war ended; some was only published this year 60 years after it was written. The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is yes, so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered knowledge prior to it. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being. He also extended this to any formal system; truth for that system cannot be defined within the system. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. Are some things unknowable Object 1: An image of the international space station The object is an image taken from space which is known as the international space station. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com. the book is on the table, etc. In summary, the theorem shows that you cant prove mathematics consistent using just mathematics (youd have to use a meta-language). Can you explain it? Thats why I used the cover of the book Beat the Dealer as an example of the knowledge wrongly considered as unknowable but later proved to be able to comprehend and use in our life. [With Downloads!] In order to put these questions to the things, the things must already be present and be presented to us in some way. Technologys erosion of human being and its enclosing of the world (the opposite of disclosing) are offset by its ability to give us experiences. This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. Of course, the prompt should involve some thought regarding how we treat the world and the inhabitants within it and some thought must be given to how money is involved in many situations and conditions that students will have to face once they have made the grade and succeeded in the game where knowledge is valued according to its applications. In active experience, we go forth to look for something. CT: The Exhibition: A Glossary of Prompts. Technology, understood as instrumentality, is a matter of ends and means. Darwin and Nietzsche: Part 3: Truth as Correctness: Its Relation to Values. The characteristics of black swan and the fact that it is an open system that takes into account many variables that are often not related and change with time randomly make it unknowable. There must be a corresponding relation or reality of the book, the table and the books place on the table. According to . The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge: We might begin a response to this prompt by saying that if there are things then they are knowable by the very fact of their being a thing. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). The essence of human beings is reason. 16. Not all knowledge is good, it seems. The axioms, principles, rules, laws, etc. This origin usually deals with the question of motion or movement so the question is raised From where, originally, did the change or motion come from? An explanation is a scientific account of a thing, and by this we mean that sufficient reasons have been given for its being the way it is. Procuring health is the setting up of conditions and abetting the properties that are already present in nature and allowing those conditions and properties to flourish. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. Logosis an assertion about something and an addressing of some thing as some thing. Even if each digit was the size of an electron. To regard moods or conscience as experiences ignores the way in which these moods disclose or how they open up for us our way of being in the world and our human being. This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. This is a number with infinite digits after the comma. The image above represents pi and infinity which are both mathematical symbols. If one follows through on this distinction between ignorance and madness, one can see that a great deal of madness is prevalent today in advanced societies. Your Exhibition is a rendering that is handed over to others i.e. Required fields are marked *. Such an idea is symbolized by the eye of providence a god that watches over humanity. Basically vertasiums video about how we can't predict the future, the theory goes scientist first said that because of quantam mechanics if we know the position and etc of a particle we can predict with high accuracy where the particle will be in the future in spacetime. Both doubt and skepticism were requirements for beginning thinking. We may all have private experiences that are unique to us and that we consider knowledge, but unless they are shared with others, we cannot be secure that they are knowledge. The object only exists in the outer world, and it rotates around the globe in the lower space of the earth. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/God_does_not_play_dice_with_the_universe. We can see its relation to what is now called algorithms. For Christians, the name of God is holy, sacred, and He is not to be named because to do so would turn Him into a thing. How does the way that we organize or classify knowledge affect what we know? The sign is what is referred to as a tautology. World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. rendered, and to whom or to what is a reason rendered? The concept of a culture is 19th century thought for what we call cultures are historically determined and the knowledge brought forward from them will also be historically determined. For the German philosopher Leibniz, a truth is a verifiable proposition, a correct judgement. The providing of sufficient reasons is related to what is known as the correspondence theory of truth. Read this prompt together with #19. Our tragic literature, on the other hand, demonstrates the implications of the lack of self-knowledge in its heroes actions which ultimately lead to their demise in most cases. We call these facts, but they are facts only within the system that allows them to be seen as such. Information only informs when the data which comprises it is placed within a system (the form) that allows it to in-form. they must be given to us a priori. . Withoutphronesisone develops misperceptions of things. Our attempts to forecast those events may not only fail to achieve the expected result but also make the whole situation more exaggerated. 33. From Platos dialectic or that conversation that is conducted among friends, we have inductive and deductive logic, from diaeresisanddianoia,the separation and the bringing together. What some thing is determined to be in its representation is determined as what it is. See the link: What is a work of Art? Your email address will not be published. It is very hard to measure something as complex as consciousness, for which we have many definitions that do not agree with each other. reasons for maintaining accurate and coherent records legal requirements; martha stewart almond wedding cake recipe. We believe that a truth is only a truth if a reason can be rendered for it. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. Knowledge as truth indicates that some thing has been brought to light, has been revealed and this we consider a fact; but it is only a fact within the theoretical viewing or system that has brought it to light as such. This is just an example of the extraordinary changes in meaning that words have through the centuries and should serve as a warning. This isn't just my opinion - this is according to accepted theory. Unknowable Thing: Whats the smallest positive integer not definable in under eleven words? Culture is a 19th century word and has come to prominence with the arrival and dominance of the Human Sciences as a way of viewing the world. Subjectivity, according to Kant, is the lawfulness of reasons which provide the possibility of an object. Similar explorations can be undertaken in the areas of the arts, particularly the history of the development of the arts. why must a reason be explicitly brought forward i.e. The material tools, the instruments, come after technology establishes its dominion in the realm of beings. Subjectivity does not mean subjectivism but is rather the dwelling of the claim of the principle of reason which has as its consequences the Information Age and the Age of Artificial Intelligence in which the particularity, separation and validity of the individual disappears in favour of total uniformity. The mystery of the principle of reason is what has come to define human beings as the animal rationale. We do not have certainty regarding our knowledge of nature, but we do have dependability and we can count on the results we achieve through our inquiring and experimentation. 2, AOK: Individuals and Societies: Supplementary Notes, AOK History: Thoughts on Systemic Racism in North America, https://open.spotify.com/show/1qLxnSGpz4EeLeWZqjXmwt, A Reading of William Blakes The Tyger: Technology as Knowing and Making, Deconstructing the November 2018 Prescribed Titles for TOK Essays, TOK: Deconstructing the November 2017 Titles, It is a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false; or it can be, Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. Remember that all three (images of) objects should relate to the same prompt. as an object. when so much then so much. In what and from where does our word values have its origins? These appearances usually derive their source from the worlds of mathematics, physics, philosophy or logic. This research has different methodologies in the different areas of knowledge, and these methods of disinterring the truth are all pre-determined by the view of the past as an object of study. Consider the theorem that all skunks are black and white. Infatuation is a common example, not simply for another human being but for the outward appearances of things. Technology is a theoretical,not a practical affair. The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics: A Translation of Schrdingers Cat Paradox Paper, 2 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/God_does_not_play_dice_with_the_universe (retrieved 16.05.21), Unless something fundamental in our understanding of the world changes, which is very much possible, as we have not yet developed a concise theory of everything, we will never have a deterministic model of the universe and some phenomena will remain unknowable. Sophists are the norm in todays societies; and because they are the norm, they should be treated with scepticism. The reason rendered must be asufficient reason:that is, that it be completely satisfactory as an account. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. However, according to our best theories and predictions, we will never know everything about the universe. This is what you are attempting to do in your Exhibition. I, for example, havent got a clue what is going on in the fashion arts.

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