WebResilience community planning seeks to build the capacity of a community to prepare for, withstand, and recover from shocks and stresses. 1 (2018): 215238, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-015628. Developing a common mission & vision as a community/society is critical to achieving positive change. 43 On inclusive politics, Charles T. Call discusses political inclusion as encompassing power sharing agreements and also other process-related and contextual factors.Charles T. Call, Why Peace Fails: The Causes and Prevention of Civil War Recurrence (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2012). It is built through repeated acts of character, competence and compassion. Additional we must have the courage to take the appropriate actions and ensure these actions build trust and confidence. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. By creating a safe environment, community members and officers are encouraged to share their life lessons and understand different perspectives. How Africans Can Prepare for Internet Shutdowns, Lula Is Struggling to Address Brazils Deep Polarization, Understanding and Supporting Democratic Bright Spots, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, https://www.dni.gov/index.php/gt2040-home, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-britain-in-a-competitive-age-the-integrated-review-of-security-defence-development-and-foreign-policy/global-britain-in-a-competitive-age-the-integrated-review-of-security-defence-development-and-foreign-policy. On a recent episode of LogicGates podcast, GRC & ME, Emily Heath, Chief Trust and Security Officer at DocuSign, shared her insight on how the last year has amplified the need for organizations to be nimble and adapt to what is happening in the world., No longer is it just a business continuity or disaster planning activity, but resilience has become a valuable business process, Emily noted, Resilience is really an organizational responsibility to bounce back as quickly as possible with as little impact on the business., Those who bounce back better, faster, and cheaper are likely to be big winners in the post-pandemic world. https://www.justsecurity.org/73905/pandemic-consequences-the-acceleration-of-confrontational-politics. In Myanmar and Indonesia, for example, well-intentioned efforts to decentralize natural disaster response mechanisms devolved into bureaucratic infighting over resources and jurisdiction.35 In Kenya, bureaucratic decentralization was infused with patronage and favoritism, resulting in resilience-building projects in regime-friendly regions but not in others.36 Ineffective decentralization of disaster management can also lead to backlash and recentralization, undermining future resilience. This dynamic is exacerbated during episodes of crisis, which often precipitate increased aid flows on an accelerated time frame and thus offer more opportunities for graft.67 In many places, corruption has undermined resilience during the coronavirus pandemic, delaying recovery as it diverts resources from healthcare and weakens trust in public health institutions.68. 7 (July 2020): 9991003, http://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0961-x. In the domain of public health, some scholars argued that the comparatively low per capita coronavirus infection and death rates across the African continent during the first few months of the pandemic was partially due to many countries experience with prior disease outbreaks, including HIV/AIDS, Zika, and Ebola.26 Technical know-how within some countries bureaucracies in implementing quarantines, surging medical capacity, and public education reportedly allowed for many African countries to apply those capabilities to the coronavirus pandemic, reducing viral spread.27 African countries pandemic response also benefited from prior investment in the African Centers for Disease Control, a central repository of expertise and a facilitator of intercountry collaboration, which was developed in the wake of the 20142016 Ebola outbreak.28, In responses to natural disasters, technocratic institutional memory is also an important determinant of resilience. In addition, when countries face natural disasters, public sector corruption can exacerbate humanitarian crises. The West Yorkshire and Harrogate grief and loss support service is for anyone experiencing any form of grief and loss, or those worried about losing someone. Regardless of ones perspective on any issue, we can choose remain focused on the past and assigning blame or we can learn from the past, and focus on how we can make the future better. Although civil society groups there may work together briefly after shocks such as electoral violence or terrorist attacks, once these crises recede, individual organizations revert to their ethnic affiliations, hampering longer-term resilience-building efforts.50 Extreme actors within civil society can further exacerbate polarization, as some religious groups in India have done.51 Further, when CSOs shed light on, or even amplify, government failings, such revelations can obviously increase citizen discontent. Weighing in on that debate is not the purpose of this paper, which instead adapts a relatively simple definition from City Resilience Framework, Rockefeller Foundation and Arup, November 2015, 4, https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/100RC-City-Resilience-Framework.pdf#:~:text=The%20City%20Resilience%20Framework%20is%20a%20unique%20framework,actions%20and%20programs%20to%20improve%20the%20city%E2%80%99s%20resilience. Trauma:What teachers need to know about trauma. A Global Model for Forecasting Political Instability, American Journal of Political Science 54, no. In nonconsolidated political systems, a high level of polarization rooted in exclusive identities or ideologies among the elite is one of the most potent predictors of instability. Building a relationship with customers is vital for a GRC professional, said Emily: We believe in being transparent with our customers. This complexity indicates a broader question raised by the policy focus on resilience: for most policymakers, a resilience that benefits only part of the population is not a normatively desirable policy goal. Pandemic Consequences: The Acceleration of Confrontational Politics, Just Security, December 17, 2020, https://www.justsecurity.org/73905/pandemic-consequences-the-acceleration-of-confrontational-politics. Tighter societieslike Malaysia, Pakistan, and Thailandtend to be more responsive to collective action problems, potentially contributing to those countries relatively lower infection rates over the first year of the coronavirus pandemic than they might have had otherwise.66, Controlling corruption is a key precondition for building resilience. WebWho We Are. Yet this closer look has also revealed several vexing dilemmas that policymakers must face as the focus on resilience gains further steam. 37 Helena Hermansson, Challenges to Decentralization of Disaster Management in Turkey: The Role of Political-Administrative Context, International Journal of Public Administration 42, no. Related: My primary pupils have seen Squid Game - what do I do? 47 For example, in Kenya, 38 percent of respondents stated that they had trust in government, while 74 percent stated they trusted NGOs; in Nigeria, government trust was at 24 percent and trust in NGOs at 65 percent. Way, Beyond Patronage: Violent Struggle, Ruling Party Cohesion, and Authoritarian Durability, Perspectives on Politics 10, no. This adds value to the learning process and builds trust relations, which in turn enhance future community problem solving. 38 John Higley, and Michael G. Burton, The Elite Variable in Democratic Transitions and Breakdowns, American Sociological Review 54, no. But calls to build resilience at the community level need nuance, too. Her role in fighting the Nipah virusinspired a character in a 2019 movie. Shalini Venugopal Bhagat, As India Stumbles, One State Charts Its Own Covid Course, New York Times, Mary 23, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/coronavirus-kerala.html. Particularly for donor policies toward fragile and developing countries, framing the goal as bolstering resilience is an important conceptual improvement from previous efforts to attain maximalist goals or build up countries that are mirror-imaged on a Western ideal. Furthermore, lack of community support can negatively impact police budgets, particularly if the police are viewed by the community as an occupying force rather than guardians and partners. Rerouting towards something healthier and happier is always better than ploughing forward into grey misery. Thomas Carothers and Andrew ODonohue (Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2019). Equally, donors and policymakers from the Global North must also elevate resilience and adaptation as key components of their approaches to supporting fragile states. Still other characteristicsincluding whether a country is a democracy or an authoritarian political systemdo not appear have a clear-cut effect on resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a seismic shift in the way GRC professionals view the concept of, , Emily Heath, Chief Trust and Security Officer at DocuSign, shared her insight on how the last year has amplified the need for organizations to be nimble and adapt to what is happening in the world., No longer is it just a business continuity or disaster planning activity, but resilience has become a. By enhancing the role of the police and thereby enhancing the image of the officer; the paradigm shift is to be one with community; the end result is a community that looks out for each other. 44Judy Stone, Polio Eradication Program Key in Covid-19 Response, Forbes, October 24, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2020/10/24/polio-eradication-program-key-in-covid-19-response. Shailaja, a 64-year-old former schoolteacher who until this week was Keralas health minister. To achieve this, the GRC professional needs to get comfortable with the soft skills of reading relationships and building rapport and trust across organizations and beyond. 65 Bernadette Hyland-Wood, John Gardner, Julie Leask, and Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Toward Effective Government Communication Strategies in the Era of COVID-19, Humanities and Social Sciences Communication 8, no. The South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust (SEHSCT) Resilience Plan outlines initiatives which may be required Below, it reviews the governance-related characteristics and capabilities that affect a countrys resilience. This remains poignant in 2021 at a time when the world is experiencing a global backlash against technology and reduced public support for digitization. In Turkey, de facto decentralization after earthquakes in the late 1990s took a turn to centralization after earthquakes that occurred in 2011. The Guardian philosophy of policing embraces the belief that policing is a Noble profession, built upon the trust and respect of society. Enhancing Community Resilience & Building Trust. Institutional memory usually helps resilienceexcept for when it constrains bureaucracies from preparing for emergent new shocks. To be sure, many other factors beyond governanceincluding demographic, geographic, military, and economic onesaffect a states resilience. Local governments and communities are the primary stakeholders in WASH resilience. In donors peacebuilding and development policies, high-level emphasis on resilience has also swelled over the past few years, including in official communications from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,4 the United States government,5 and the European Union.6 In some development practitioner and civil society circles, the need for resilience is so frequently invoked that it sometimes borders on clich.7. Leaders make consequential decisions that affect, in some way, almost all of the governance characteristics profiled above. 1 (2010): 190208, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1531942. Even before the pandemic, the world within which organizations operated had become more interrelated than ever before. It is from this more stable base that she reroutes, plans a new future for herself and her daughter and says goodbye to what went before. Mack Brandon- Ridgewood AME Zion Church Ridgewood Interfaith Ministry Assoication, Chief Brian Higgins -(ret) CEO of Group 77 Security & Public Safety Consulting, Thomas Braxton Jones President of Monroe County PA NAACP & Monroe United, James Wielgus - Sergeant SARPD - President Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) lodge 75 Stroudsburg PA, Dr. Richard Cosgrove - Lieutenant NJSP (ret) Professor of Professional Security Studies - New Jersey City University, Dr. Thomas Shea - Lieutenant -Long Branch NJ PD (ret) Associate Professor Centenary University, Prof. George Petersen- Acting Chief -Chatham NJ PD (ret) Associate Professor Centenary University, Dr. Brian Kerr - Dean Student Affairs Queensborough Community College - NY, Owner/President at Excalibur Consulting Group, From speaking and collaborating with colleagues/community guardians on this article we have begun work on establishing an ongoing dialog platform for like minded community leaders from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to conduct a deeper drive into this and other critical issues. WebImplementing a Zero-Trust Architecture requires mapping the digital attack surface. From health emergencies that also upend economies to trade disruptions that also pose new multilateral diplomatic dilemmas, the pandemic has generated challenges that seem exceptional in both scale and degree of interconnection. Though grappling with the complexities of all different forms of resilience are beyond the scope of this paper, for policymakers, the message should be that an embrace of resilience should always grapple with vital questions: resilience for whom? Jon S. T. Quah (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016). Meanwhile, many autocracies have less internal elite friction, quicker response times, and more ability to leverage close relations with the media.21 Though many authoritarian leaders claim that their more unilateral decisionmaking enables strong leadership, there is scant evidence that this translated into a better pandemic response.22 Although some argue that authoritarian regimes enjoy higher levels of societal trust in government, data from undemocratic systems is unreliable in accurately capturing public opinion.23, Looking ahead, a key question is whether democracies or authoritarian systems are better able to execute long-term plans to bolster resilience. We talk a lot about resilience in schools these days. 64 Qing Han, Bang Zheng, Mioara Cristea, Maximilian Agostini, Jocelyn J Blanger, Ben Gtzkow, Jannis Kreienkamp, and N. Pontus Leander, Trust in Government Regarding COVID-19 and Its Associations with Preventive Health Behaviour and Prosocial Behaviour during the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.. How to Restore Trust & Build Resilience with the Five Elements Individual leaders often also determine their countrys ability to harness international partnerships that often aid in building resilience. Resilience has been described as successful adaptation, competence and functioning in the face of stressful experiences (Bonanno, 2012; Egeland et al., 1993) and has been shown to support people living with dementia and their families in response to caring demands (Gaugler et al., 2007).The terms coping and resilience are, at times, As the route to a new, post-pandemic normal emerges, rhetoric in schools is all about resilience. j,;+!uqJ%D6@y| The difficulty of the pandemic forced many businesses to change for the better, according to Emily: I almost feel like that very traditional disaster recovery business continuity concept has just expanded so much because we start to think about it differently.. Trust is also a verb meaning to have such confidence. Trust Loyalty Friendship Shooshadoo. Here again, the relationship between democracy and resilience is not simple: specifics matter. Pushing forward because you dont know what else to do or are too exhausted, traumatised or depressed to stop is not the same as being resilient. Through collaborative efforts such as I have found these initiatives to support the Guardian philosophy of policing and promote community trust. Training and Education, 6. WebImplementing a Zero-Trust Architecture requires mapping the digital attack surface. S1 (December 2020): E117, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000338; and Karen L. Remmer, Exogenous Shocks and Democratic Accountability: Evidence From the Caribbean.. 36 Karuti Kanyinga, Devolution and the New Politics of Development in Kenya, African Studies Review 59, no. 57 Rachel Kleinfeld and Ashley Quarcoo, Can the Coronavirus Heal Polarization?, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 1, 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/05/01/can-coronavirus-heal-polarization-pub-81704. 42 Mona Yacoubian, As Lebanon Melts Down, Can It Avert Total Collapse?, United States Institute of Peace, March 11, 2021, https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/03/lebanon-melts-down-can-it-avert-total-collapse. 56 Kleinfeld discusses trust as a societys immune system. For discussion of the importance and challenge of building social trust, and what Felton James Earls calls collective efficacy, see Rachel Kleinfeld, A Savage Order (New York: Pantheon Books, 2018), 208211. While it adds value increased accountability must be part of a holistic solution. 4 For example, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which produces a biannual flagship report on states of fragility, in its 2016 report shifted to define fragility as based upon an exposure to risk and a state or systems capacity to manage, absorb, or mitigate those risks. See Wendy MacClinchy and Rachel Scott, Overview: Violence, Fragility, and Finance, in States of Fragility 2016: Understanding Violence (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2016), 22, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/states-of-fragility-2016_9789264267213-en#:~:text=States%20of%20Fragility%202016%20places,should%20be%20done%20about%20it.&text=This%20chapter%20begins%20with%20an,its%20scope%2C%20impact%20and%20cost. Resilience. This is seen in the level of cooperation or lack thereof, with investigations, operations and prevention activities. What exactly does the concept of good governance for resilience entail in practice? First, CSOs can deliver services, either in cooperation with governments or filling in gaps, often reaching the most marginalized and serving as the first line of defense against shocks. While many GRC professionals are content to remain focused on the internal processes that matter and ensuring that security is adequately maintained, the true value of GRC only becomes evident when it is part of a broader ongoing dialogue with customers, both internal and external. In many ways, it enables resilience: when faced with shocks, a states resilience is often contingent on the abilityand the willof elites to band together and uphold the norms and institutions of governance. In contrast, a few governance super-factorssuch as control of corruption, societal trust, and high quality political leadershipare exceptionally powerful in enabling a country to augment its resilience through multiple pathways. In Colombia, for example, diminished state presence (due to lockdowns) during the coronavirus pandemic led not only to existing illegal armed groups consolidating control but also to competition between groups.54 Unfamiliar armed groups moved into new areas, increasing territorial competition and violence and putting communities at greater risk of human rights violations.55 The presence of illegal armed groups may therefore, in some circumstances, reduce states resilience during shocks by exacerbating violent conflict. By enabling identification, workflows, and above all transparency around the extended ecosystem, such tools can play a massive role in transforming a resilience program, ensuring that the organization can plan for the best but be prepared for the worst of any event. By enabling identification, workflows, and above all transparency around the extended ecosystem, such tools can play a massive role in transforming a resilience program, ensuring that the organization can plan for the best but be prepared for the worst of any event. A resilient journey drawn on a map might look like a squiggly line, full of pit stops, redirections, loop the loops and cul de sacs, eventually moving towards a planned-for destination. For example, during the 20142015 Ebola outbreak in Liberia, citizens who expressed low trust in government were much less likely to take precautions against the virus or abide by mandatory social distancing measures.63 Appearances and strategic communication matter: governments that are perceived as well-organized and are clear, fair, and unambiguous in their statements are much more likely to be trusted.64 In addition, effective government communication in times of disaster requires ongoing community engagement, an evolving technical knowledge of the shock, and the ability for states to navigate rapidly changing media landscapes.65 Finally, the related, yet distinct, phenomenon of sociocultural tightness, wherein some societies closely uphold norms that are often heavily influenced by the state, also affects states adaptability and resilience.

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